zakat ul fitr

zakat ul fitr

All praise is due to Allah, the Wise, the Wise, the Most High, the Great. He created everything. Then he calculated it skillfully. He established the precepts of His Shariah according to His wisdom as a clear instruction and instruction for creation. I praise him for his perfect qualities. I thank Him for His abundant blessings.

And I bear witness that there is no true God but Allah alone; He has no partners. His is the kingdom and His is the praise. He has power over everything. I bear further witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger of glad tidings and a warner. May Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, his family, companions and all the followers of their ideals until the day of their return and return.

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My brothers! The venerable month of Ramadan is about to pass, only a small part of it remains; So whoever spends it with due appreciation should praise Allah and then pray to Allah for its acceptance. And whoever spends it in idleness, let him repent to Allah and seek forgiveness from Allah Ta’ala for his wrongdoings, because it will be acceptable to offer wudu before death.
My brothers! Surely Allah Ta’ala has made zakat ul fitr obligatory on you at the end of this month; And he ordered to give it before the Eid prayer.

I will talk about Zakatul Fitr in today’s Majlis. I will discuss its provisions, wisdom, class, amount, time of obligation, time and place of payment.

Rules of Zakatul Fitr:

Paying zakat ul fitr is obligatory. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) declared it obligatory on all Muslims. What Allah’s Messenger has enjoined or commanded to do is also the order of what Allah has enjoined and commanded. That is, it is inevitable to accept it.

Allah Ta’ala says:

مَّن يُطِعِ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَقَدۡ أَطَاعَ ٱللَّهَۖ وَمَن تَوَلَّىٰ فَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَفِيظٗا ٨٠ ﴾ [النساء: ٨٠]

Whoever obeys the command of the Messenger, he obeys the command of Allah. And those who turn away from it, I have not sent you as a watcher over them.’ (Surah An-Nisa, verse 80)

• Allah Ta’ala also says:

﴿ وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ ٱلرَّسُولَ مِن بَنعدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الہهُدَىٰ وَيَتَّبِعقِ غَيرَ سَبِيلِ المجانُسِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِۦ مَا تَوَلَّىٰ وَنُصارلِە وَسَآءَ م َصِيرًا ١١٥ ﴾ [النصاء: ١١٥]

‘Whoever disobeys the Messenger, after the straight path has been revealed to him, and goes against the path followed by the believers, I will turn him to the direction he wishes to turn and I will cast him into Hell. That is the worst destination.’ (Surah An-Nisa, verse: 115)

• Allah Ta’ala also says:

﴿ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمْ عَ少ُ فَٱنتَهُواْ﴾ [الحشر: ٧]

“And accept what the Messenger has given you and abstain from what he forbids.” (Surah Al-Hashr, verse 7)

And zakat ul fitr is obligatory on all Muslim men and women, young and old, free and slaves.

• Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar Radiyallahu ‘Anhu said:

«فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَةَ الفِطْرِ صَعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ, اَوْ صَعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ عَلَى العَبْدِ وَالحُرِّ, وَالذَّكَرِ وَالأُنثَى وَالصَّغِيرِ وَالكَبِيرِ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ»

“The Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, made obligatory on all Muslims, free, slaves, women, men, young and old, one sa’ of dates, or one sa’ of barley, zakat ul fitr.” ^[1]

• It is not wajib to give zakat ul fitr on behalf of a baby in the womb, but if someone does, then there is no problem. because,
• ‘Uthman Radiyallahu ‘Anhu used to pay Fitrah on behalf of the unborn child.

Fitr must be collected on behalf of himself and on behalf of those whom he is responsible for supporting such as wife and children who are close relatives who are not able to pay their own Fitr. And if they are able to pay their Fitr themselves, it is better to pay their zakat ul fitr themselves. Because they are basically addressed as Wajib.

And zakat ul fitr is only obligatory on those who have surplus wealth after paying for the days and nights of Eid. If a person has an excess of less than one sa’, then he has to give it as zakat ul fitr. because,

• Allah Ta’ala says:

﴿ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱلَّهَ مَا ٱسِتَطَعْتُمۡ ﴾ [التغابن: 16]

“Follow God’s piety as much as you can.” (Surah At-Tagabun, verse 16)

• Similarly, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said:

«َإِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ»

“When I command you about something, do it as best you can.”^[2]

The wisdom or secret of introducing zakat ul fitr:

In fact, the wisdom of Zakatul Fitr is very clear. because,

By this is used kindly towards the poor; so that they may abstain from begging on the days of Eid and share in the joy of Eid with the rich on the days of Eid; As a result Eid will be universal. Moreover, it can be characterized by noble character like generosity and compassion. It is not necessary to chew, but the laxity or error or sin in the fasting person’s fast can be purified from it.

Zakat al-Fitr is a form of gratitude for God’s blessings. He, in His mercy, gave the servant the tawfiq of fasting for a full month, and at the same time gave him the opportunity to do Qiyaam and to do as many good deeds as possible.

• Abdullah Ibn Abbas Radiyallahu ‘Anhuma said,

«فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَةَ الْفِطْرِ طُهْرَةً لِلَصَّاِمِ مِنَ الَّغْوِ وَالرَّفِ, وَطُعمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ, مَنْ اَدَّا “

Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam made Zakat al-Fitr obligatory to purify the fasting from the errors caused by vain and obscene talk and to feed the poor. If it is paid before the Eid prayer, it will be considered as Zakatul Fitr. And if it is paid after the Eid prayer, it will be a donation like other ordinary donations.’^[3]

Categories of zakat ul fitr:

Common human food items; Like dates, flour, rice, raisins, cheese etc. Or beyond that what is generally considered human food may also be given.

• Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Ibn ‘Umar Radiyallahu ‘Anhu, who said,

«فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَةَ الفِطْرِ صَعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ, أَوْ صَعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ »

“The Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, prescribed Zakat al-Fitr, one sa’ of dates or barley.” ^[4]

And their food in that era was barley. For example, on the authority of Abu Saeed Khudri Radiyallahu ‘Anhu, he said,

«كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ», وَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: «وَكَانَ طَعَامَنَا الشَّعِير ُ وَالزَّبِيبُ وَالأَقِطُ وَالتَّمْرُ»

During the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, we used to pay Zakat al-Fitr with a meal. Our food then was barley, raisins, cheese and dates.’^[5]

Therefore, paying Zakat al-Fitr through animal food will not be paid. Because the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, made Zakatul Fitr obligatory for the food of the poor and not for the food of animals.
Moreover, cloths, bed-carpets, drinking vessels, food-stuff etc. which are not considered as human food will also not be accepted. Because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, made it obligatory to give food, so what the Messenger has prescribed cannot be exceeded.

The same cannot be recovered by paying the price of food. Because it is contrary to the order of Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. And it was reported from the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, that he said:

«مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلًا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُنَا فَهُوَ رَدٌّ»

“Whoever commits an act about which We have no command is unacceptable.” ^[6] In another narration:

«مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ, فَهُوَ رَدٌّ»

“Whoever invents something in our religion that does not belong to it, it will be rejected.” This was compiled by Imam Muslim. But its core is in both Bukhari and Muslim.’^[7]

Moreover, paying food prices is against the practice of the Companions. Because, they used to pay Zakatul Fitr through food items.

And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

« عَلَيْكُمْ بِسُنَّتِي وَسُنَّةِ الخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ المَهْدِيِّينَ من بعدي»

“You must hold fast to my Sunnah and follow the Sunnah or ideals of the rightly guided and guided Khulafay Rashedin after me.”^[8]

Moreover, Zakat al-Fitr prescribes specific types of worship. Therefore, it will not be accepted if it is collected by something other than the specified object. As such, finding out after a certain period of time is not enough.

Moreover, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) determined Zakat al-Fitr by different types of food, and the value of those food items is not equal. So if price was the condition, then one sa’ amount of a particular type would be fixed and the same price would be fixed from other types.

And if the price is paid, Zakat al-Fitr turns from public worship into secret worship. Since the offering of a single food is public among the Muslims, all, young and old, know it, see its measurement and distribution with their own eyes, and they mutually accept it. But if there is value, it is secretly exchanged between the giver and the receiver.

Amount of zakat ul fitr:

The amount of Zakat al-Fitr is: One sa’ of the age of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The weight of which is: four hundred and eighty miscals of wheat of superior quality. And the weight of the village is “two kg 40 grams” of wheat. Since one miscal equals one hundred and four grams, so 480 miscals equals 2040 grams.

Therefore, if the Prophet wanted to know the future of the age, he should weigh two kilograms and forty grams of wheat and put it in a container that would fill up to the mouth. Then measure by it.

When zakat ul fitr becomes obligatory:

Zakat al-Fitr must be paid on them if they are alive at sunset on the night of Eid; or not

So if someone dies one minute before sunset, it will not be wajib on him.

And if he dies after a minute, he must be paid on his behalf.

If a child lands a few minutes after sunset, it will not be necessary. But it will be Sunnah to perform it. The discussion of which has already passed.

And if it lands a few minutes before sunset, it should be collected from him.

When Zakatul Fitr becomes obligatory, it is determined after sunset on the last day of Ramadan because from then on, the fast of Ramadan ends with eating. That is why it is called Zakat al-Fitr of Ramadan or Zakat of breaking the fast. It was understood that the time when Fitr i.e. fasting ends is the time when Zakatul Fitr becomes obligatory.

Time of zakat ul fitr:

There are two timings for paying Zakatul Fitr:

1. Effective time and 2. time allowed

Effective time: Before the Eid prayer in the morning of Eid. Because;

• Narrated in Sahih Bukhari on the authority of Abu Saeed Khudri Radiyallahu ‘Anhu, he said,

«كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ»

“We used to pay Zakat al-Fitr on the day of Eid al-Fitr during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” _^[9]

Similarly, it is narrated in Bukhari on the authority of Ibn Umar, may God be pleased with him, that he said,

«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ بِزَكَةِ الْفِطْرِ, أَنْ تُؤَدَّى قَبْلَ خُروجِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الصَّلَةِ»

“The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered people to pay Zakat al-Fitr before going to the Eid prayer.”^[10] Similarly, Imam Muslim and others narrated the hadith.

Ibn ‘Wa’ina narrated in his Tafseer on the authority of ‘Amr Ibn Dinar on the authority of Ikrima Radiyallahu ‘Anhu, he said that people should pay Zakat al-Fitr on the day of Eid before the Eid prayer. Because Allah says:

﴿ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّىٰ ١٤ وَذَكَرَ ٱسْمَ رَبِّهِۦ فَصَلَّىٰ 15 ﴾ [العجل: ١٤, 15]

“Successful indeed is he who purifies himself and remembers the name of his Lord, then offers salutations.” (Surah A’ala, verses 14-15)

So it is better to delay the Eid al-Fitr prayer; So that people can pay Zakatul Fitr.

Permissible Time: Paying Zakatul Fitr one or two days before Eid.

Narrated in Sahih Bukhari in Nafe’, Ibn ‘Umar Radiyallahu ‘anhu used to pay Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of himself and his minor children. He even used to pay Zakatul Fitr to my children. He used to give Zakat-ul-Fitr only to those who accepted it. And they used to give Zakatul Fitr a day or two before Eid.^[11]

It is not permissible to pray after the Eid prayer. Therefore, delaying it until after the prayer without any reason is not acceptable because it is against the instructions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

• Previously, the hadith of Ibn Abbas Radiyallahu ‘Anhur was quoted, the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, said,

«مَنْ أَدَّاهَا قَبْلَ الصَّلَةِ, فَهِيَ زَكَةٌ مَقْبُولَةٌ, وَمَنْ أَدَّاهَا بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ, فَهِيَ صَدَقَةٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ»

If it is paid before the Eid prayer, it will be considered as Zakatul Fitr. And if it is paid after the Eid prayer, it will be a donation like other ordinary donations.^‘[12]

And if he delays due to a valid reason, then there is no problem. As he is in such a position that he does not have anything to collect or any person who is entitled to it. Or the news of the Eid prayer suddenly reached him because of which he did not get a chance to pray before the prayer, or he entrusted a duty to someone, and he forgot to pray. In such a situation, there is no problem if you pray after the prayer. Because he is incompetent.

It is obligatory for Zakatul Fitr to reach its recipient directly or through a lawyer in time before the prayer. If one intends to pay a particular person, but does not meet him or any of his attorneys or representatives at the time of issuing Zakat-ul-Fitr, then one should pay the Zakat-ul-Fitr to another suitable person. In no case shall delay from the specified time.

Place of payment of Zakatul Fitr:

At the time of paying Zakat al-Fitr, only the poor of the area in which the giver of Fitr is staying are entitled to it; Whether he (payer of Fitra) is a permanent resident of the area or a temporary resident. Especially if it is a respected place such as Makkah or Madinah or the fakirs there are more inclined towards it, then it is certain to take it out there. But if he lives in an area where there is no rightful person or it is impossible to know the rightful person, then he will appoint a lawyer on his behalf who will find a suitable person and collect his Zakatul Fitr.

Entitled to Zakatul Fitr:

Those entitled to Sadaqat Fitr are (1) the poor, (2) those in debt, who are unable to pay it. So they can be given the required amount.

One Zakatul Fitr is permissible to give to many fakirs.

Again, many Zakatul Fitr can be given to a poor person. Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) determined the amount of Zakat al-Fitr. But he did not determine how much would be given to them.

Based on this, it can be said that if a group of people deposit their Zakat al-Fitr in a container after weighing it, then distribute it again without measuring it, it will be collected.

But the Fakir should be informed that they do not know the amount of what they are giving him; So that he (fakir) himself does not get cheated by not knowing the measure while giving to someone.

And it is lawful for a fakir, after receiving Zakatul Fitr from someone, to pay Zakatul Fitr after measuring it on his own behalf or on behalf of other members of the family. Or giving without measure, believing the giver’s word that it is full.

O Allah! You give us tawfiq to obey according to your satisfaction. Purify our souls, words and deeds. Purify us from bad beliefs, bad words and bad deeds. Surely you are good, benevolent and merciful. O Allah! May your prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions.

Reference:

HAZZAZ BIN YOUSUF